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The (Non-)Local Density of States of Electronic Excitations in Organic Semiconductors

Poelking, Carl Roderich

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Abstract

The rational design of organic semiconductors for optoelectronic devices relies on a detailed understanding of how their molecular and morphological structure condition the energetics and dynamics of charged and excitonic states. Investigating the role of molecular architecture, conformation, orientation and packing, this work reveals mechanisms that shape the spatially resolved densities of states in organic, small-molecular and polymeric heterostructures and mesophases. The underlying computational framework combines multiscale simulations of the material morphology at atomistic and coarse-grained resolution with a long-range-polarized embedding technique to resolve the electronic structure of the molecular solid. We show that long-range electrostatic interactions tie the energetics of microscopic states to the mesoscopic structure, with a qualitative and quantitative impact on charge-carrier level profiles across organic interfaces. The computational approach provides quantitative access to the charge-density-dependent open-circuit voltage of planar heterojunctions. The derived and experimentally verified relationships between molecular orientation, architecture, level profiles and open-circuit voltage rationalize the acceptor-donor-acceptor pattern for donor materials in high-performing solar cells. Proposing a pathway for barrier-less dissociation of charge transfer states, we highlight how mesoscale fields generate charge splitting and detrapping forces in systems with finite interface roughness. The associated design rules reflect the dominant role played by lowest-energy configurations at the interface.

Document type: Dissertation
Supervisor: Kremer, Prof. Dr. Kurt
Place of Publication: Heidelberg, Germany
Date of thesis defense: 9 December 2015
Date Deposited: 21 Dec 2015 06:58
Date: 2015
Faculties / Institutes: The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy > Dekanat der Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
DDC-classification: 004 Data processing Computer science
500 Natural sciences and mathematics
530 Physics
540 Chemistry and allied sciences
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