title: Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean
creator: Buckley, Stephen
creator: Power, Robert C.
creator: Andreadaki‑Vlazaki, Maria
creator: Akar, Murat
creator: Becher, Becher
creator: Belser, Matthias
creator: Cafisso, Sara
creator: Eisenmann, Stefanie
creator: Fletcher, Joann
creator: Francken, Michael
creator: Hallager, Birgitta
creator: Harvati, Katerina
creator: Ingman, Tara
creator: Kataki, Efthymia
creator: Maran, Joseph
creator: Martin, Mario A. S.
creator: McGeorge, Photini J. P.
creator: Milevski, Ianir
creator: Papadimitriou, Alkestis
creator: Protopapadaki, Eftychia
creator: Salazar‑García, Domingo C.
creator: Schmidt‑Schultz, Tyede
creator: Schuenemann, Verena J.
creator: Shafiq, Rula
creator: Stuijts, Ingelise
creator: Yegorov, Dmitry
creator: Yener, K. Aslιhan
creator: Schultz, Michael
creator: Spiteri, Cynthianne
creator: Stockhammer, Philipp W.
subject: 930
subject: Alte Geschichte, Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Archäologie
subject: Other parts of ancient world (Antiquity) [R939]
subject: Greece (Antiquity) [R938]
subject: Copper- and Bronze Age [T930.15]
subject: Prehistoric Archaeology [FVFG]
description: This paper presents the earliest evidence for the exploitation of lignite (brown coal) in Europe and sheds new  light on the use of combustion fuel sources in the 2nd millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. We applied Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Polarizing Microscopy to the dental calculus of 67 individuals and we identified clear evidence for combustion markers embedded within this calculus. In contrast to the scant evidence for combustion markers within the calculus samples from Egypt, all other individuals show the inhalation of smoke from fires burning wood identified as Pinaceae, in addition to hardwood, such as oak and olive, and/or dung. Importantly, individuals from the Palatial Period at the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns and the Cretan harbour site of Chania also show the inhalation of fire-smoke from lignite, consistent with the chemical signature of sources in the northwestern Peloponnese and Western Crete  respectively. This first evidence for lignite exploitation was likely connected to and at the same time enabled Late Bronze Age Aegean metal and pottery production, significantly by both male and female individuals.
date: 2021
type: Article
type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
type: NonPeerReviewed
format: application/pdf
identifier: https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdokhttps://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/5325/1/Buckley_et_al_Archaeometric_evidence_lignite_2021.pdf
identifier: DOI:10.11588/propylaeumdok.00005325
identifier: urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-propylaeumdok-53258
identifier:   Buckley, Stephen ; Power, Robert C. ; Andreadaki‑Vlazaki, Maria ; Akar, Murat ; Becher, Becher ; Belser, Matthias ; Cafisso, Sara ; Eisenmann, Stefanie ; Fletcher, Joann ; Francken, Michael ; Hallager, Birgitta ; Harvati, Katerina ; Ingman, Tara ; Kataki, Efthymia ; Maran, Joseph ; Martin, Mario A. S. ; McGeorge, Photini J. P. ; Milevski, Ianir ; Papadimitriou, Alkestis ; Protopapadaki, Eftychia ; Salazar‑García, Domingo C. ; Schmidt‑Schultz, Tyede ; Schuenemann, Verena J. ; Shafiq, Rula ; Stuijts, Ingelise ; Yegorov, Dmitry ; Yener, K. Aslιhan ; Schultz, Michael ; Spiteri, Cynthianne ; Stockhammer, Philipp W.  (2021) Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean.   In:  Scientific Reports, 11 (2021),        
relation: https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/5325/
rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights: Please see front page of the work (Sorry, Dublin Core plugin does not recognise license id)
language: eng