TY  - JOUR
Y1  - 2021///
JF  - Scientific Reports
TI  - Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean
N2  - This paper presents the earliest evidence for the exploitation of lignite (brown coal) in Europe and sheds new  light on the use of combustion fuel sources in the 2nd millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. We applied Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis?Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Polarizing Microscopy to the dental calculus of 67 individuals and we identified clear evidence for combustion markers embedded within this calculus. In contrast to the scant evidence for combustion markers within the calculus samples from Egypt, all other individuals show the inhalation of smoke from fires burning wood identified as Pinaceae, in addition to hardwood, such as oak and olive, and/or dung. Importantly, individuals from the Palatial Period at the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns and the Cretan harbour site of Chania also show the inhalation of fire-smoke from lignite, consistent with the chemical signature of sources in the northwestern Peloponnese and Western Crete  respectively. This first evidence for lignite exploitation was likely connected to and at the same time enabled Late Bronze Age Aegean metal and pottery production, significantly by both male and female individuals.
ID  - propylaeumdok5325
A1  - Buckley, Stephen
A1  - Power, Robert C.
A1  - Andreadaki?Vlazaki, Maria
A1  - Akar, Murat
A1  - Becher, Becher
A1  - Belser, Matthias
A1  - Cafisso, Sara
A1  - Eisenmann, Stefanie
A1  - Fletcher, Joann
A1  - Francken, Michael
A1  - Hallager, Birgitta
A1  - Harvati, Katerina
A1  - Ingman, Tara
A1  - Kataki, Efthymia
A1  - Maran, Joseph
A1  - Martin, Mario A. S.
A1  - McGeorge, Photini J. P.
A1  - Milevski, Ianir
A1  - Papadimitriou, Alkestis
A1  - Protopapadaki, Eftychia
A1  - Salazar?García, Domingo C.
A1  - Schmidt?Schultz, Tyede
A1  - Schuenemann, Verena J.
A1  - Shafiq, Rula
A1  - Stuijts, Ingelise
A1  - Yegorov, Dmitry
A1  - Yener, K. Asl?han
A1  - Schultz, Michael
A1  - Spiteri, Cynthianne
A1  - Stockhammer, Philipp W.
AV  - public
UR  - https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/5325/
VL  - 11
ER  -