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AI for Cognitive Science: Scaling Bayesian Modeling with Deep Learning

Elsemüller, Lasse

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Abstract

This dissertation scales probabilistic cognitive modeling by advancing amortized Bayesian inference, an emerging combination of simulation-based inference and deep learning. Situated within the broader AI for science paradigm, it develops, evaluates, and applies methodological contributions that enable probabilistic inference for complex models, regardless of likelihood tractability, as well as large data sets. It encompasses three manuscripts that (i) enable amortized Bayesian comparison of hierarchical models, (ii) propose sensitivity-aware amortized Bayesian inference for large-scale sensitivity analyses, and (iii) evaluate unsupervised domain adaptation for addressing sim-to-real gaps caused by model misspecification.

Document type: Dissertation
Supervisor: Voß, Prof. Dr. Andreas
Place of Publication: Heidelberg
Date of thesis defense: 22 October 2025
Date Deposited: 09 Dec 2025 09:40
Date: 2025
Faculties / Institutes: The Faculty of Behavioural and Cultural Studies > Institute of Psychology
DDC-classification: 004 Data processing Computer science
150 Psychology
310 General statistics
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