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Abstract

Pakistan has failed to end an on-again, off-again rebellion by members of the ethnic Baloch since 1948. While Pakistan’s policies towards the Baloch have varied over the years, the continued use of repression and nonaccommodative responses are counterproductive and thus puzzling. The policies further motivate rebels and contribute to the cycle of violence while damaging the state’s reputation and economic progress. Why engage in a seemingly failing (ed) policy? How and why do Pakistan’s policies toward the minority ethnic Baloch vary with periods of peace (non-violence) and violence? In sum, what explains temporally varying regime security responses to ethnonationalists? Why do regimes peace respond peacefully to groups sometimes and violently toward the same group at other times? This study seeks to answer these overarching questions.